摘要: 羟基磷灰石具有良好的选择性和表面活性使其吸附能力强而被广泛用于铅污染防治，但是，单一的羟基磷灰石容易发生团聚而导致吸附能力低。因此，近年来研究者将生物炭、磁性材料和离子对羟基磷灰石进行负载或掺杂，形成羟基磷灰石复合材料，广泛用于铅污染治理。重点综述了羟基磷灰石及其复合材料的制备方法，对比不同方法制备羟基磷灰石及其复合材料的特性，总结了羟基磷灰石及其复合材料对Pb²⁺吸附的影响因素及机理，并提出了进一步研究的方向。
关键词: 羟基磷灰石；复合材料；制备方法；铅；吸附；机理

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite is widely adopted in lead pollution control thanks to its strong adsorption capacity gained from its good selectivity and desirable surface activity. However, single hydroxyapatite is liable to agglomerate, resulting in low adsorption capacity. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have loaded or blended hydroxyapatite with bio-char, magnetic materials and ions to form hydroxyapatite composite materials, which are widely employed in lead pollution control. This paper highlights the preparation methods of hydroxyapatite and its composites, compares the characteristics of making hydroxyapatite and its composites via different methods, summarizes the influencing factors and mechanisms of hydroxyapatite and its composites on the adsorption of Pb²⁺, and points out the direction of further research.
Keywords: hydroxyapatite; composite material; preparation method; lead; adsorption; mechanism