针对卧式设备地脚螺栓的设计，通常只考虑地震载荷工况，但是在一些特殊工况条件下，仅仅校核地震载荷是不安全的，会造成设备倾倒和损坏；对于中高压低温不锈钢设备或者浮头式换热器（浮头所在壳程腐蚀非常严重）的设计，难点体现在紧固螺栓的材料选择，既要保证螺栓和法兰的匹配性，又要保证螺栓的耐低温或者耐腐蚀性。此外，对于带导向支撑的高塔，仅按SW6考虑导向支撑作用校核裙座地脚螺栓也是很危险的。本文对卧式容器的埋地工况、卧式换热器管束的抽出工况、带导向支撑高塔的安装工况、中高压不锈钢设备的低温工况或者浮头式换热器壳程的强腐蚀工况等的螺栓强度校核进行研究，提出了几种针对性的解决方法，完善了螺栓强度校核的不足，可为后续化工设备一些特殊工况下的螺栓强度校核提供有益参考和借鉴。
关键词: 特殊工况 / 浮力 / 拖曳力 / 应变强化
Abstract:
In the design of anchor bolts for horizontal equipment, only seismic loads are typically considered. However, under certain special operating conditions, verifying only seismic loads is unsafe and may result in toppling equipment and damage. In the design of medium and high-pressure low-temperature stainless steel equipment or floating-head heat exchangers where corrosion in the shell side of the floating head is particularly severe, the challenge lies in the selection of fastening bolt material. It requires both compatibility between the bolts and the flanges and the bolts' resistance to low temperatures or corrosion. Furthermore, for tall columns with guide supports, it is also hazardous to verify the skirt foundation bolts solely in accordance with SW6, which accounts for the effect of the guide supports. This study touches bolt strength verification for underground installations of horizontal vessels, extraction conditions of horizontal heat exchanger tube bundles, installation conditions of tall towers with guide supports, low-temperature conditions of medium and high-pressure stainless steel equipment, and highly corrosive conditions in the shell side of floating-head heat exchangers. Several targeted solutions are proposed. These improvements address shortcomings in bolt strength verification and provide valuable references and insights for subsequent bolt strength verification under special operating conditions of chemical equipment.
Keywords: special working conditions / buoyancy / drag force / strain strengthening