以六水合硫酸镍(NiSO4·6H2O)为原料、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面活性剂，通过一步水热法成功合成了锌掺杂氧化镍空心球(Zn-NiOHS)作为超级电容器电极材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品进行形貌表征，通过X射线衍射(XRD)测试确定氧化镍晶型为立方相。结果表明：所制得的产物为空心球结构，球体直径均匀、表面光滑、无团聚。通过电化学测试得知，当 Zn的掺杂量为 2%时，Zn-NiOHS的比电容量达到最大，为 357.08 F/g，在1000次循环时的容量保持率为 80%。
关键词: NiO空心球 / 水热法 / 锌掺杂 / 电化学
Abstract:
Using nickel hexahydrate(NiSO4·6H2O) as raw material and polyvinylpyrrolidone(Pyp) as surfactant, zinc-doped nickel oxide hollow spheres(Zn-NiOHS) are successfully synthesized via the one-step hydrothermal method, which are then adopted as the electrode material fo super-capacitor. The morphology characterization of the samples is performed via the scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the transmission electron microscope( TEM), and the crystal morphology of nickel oxide is determined to be the cubic phase by X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results show that the products are hollow spheres with uniform diameter, smooth surface and no agglomeration. The electrochemical test shows that when the doping amount of Zn is 2%, the specific capacitance of Zn-NiOHS reaches the maximum, i. e. 357.08 F/g, and the capacity retention rate is 80% after 1 000 cycles.
Keywords: NiO hollow sphere / hydrothermal method / zinc doping / electrochemical